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Sac Fungi
Page Last Updated: February 14 2021
19 species
Dead Man's Fingers - approx. 6 cm high
Family: Xylariaceae
Genus: Xylaria
Species: Polymorpha
Kingdom: Fungi
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Xylariales (also Sphaeriales?)
Carbon Balls - to 4 cm
Genus: Daldinia
Species: Concentrica
Kingdom: Fungi
Also known as King Alfred's Cakes, Coal Fungus, Cramp
Balls - blackens with age
Order: Xylariales (also Sphaeriales?)
Family: Xylariaceae
Class: Sordariomycetes
Eyelash Fungus - approx. 1 cm
Order: Pezizales
Family: Pyronemataceae
Genus: Scutellinia
Species: Scutellata
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Pezizomycetes
Also known as Eyelash Cup - stiff black hairs around the
margin - similar to the smaller S. setosa (see below)
Lemon Drops - to 3 mm
Order: Helotiales (also Leotiales?)
Family: Helotiaceae (also Leotiaceae?)
Genus: Bisporella
Species: Citrina
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Leotiomycetes (formerly Discomycetes?)
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Ascocoryne Fungus (no common name) - approx. 5 cm
Order: Helotiales (also Leotiales?)
Family: Helotiaceae (also Leotiaceae?)
Genus: Ascocoryne
Species: Cylichnium?
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Leotiomycetes (formerly Discomycetes?)
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Possibly A. sarcoides
More Ascocoryne Fungus
More Ascocoryne Fungus
Updated September 30 2010
Blue-stain Fungus - approx. 1 cm
Order: Helotiales
Family: Helotiaceae? (Dermatiaceae?)
Genus: Chlorociboria
Species: Aeruginascens
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Leotiomycetes (formerly Discomycetes?)
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Possibly C. aeruginosa - also called Green stain Fungus
More Blue-stain Fungus
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Updated October 4 2010
Copper Penny - width 2 to 4 cm
Order: Pezizales
Family: Pezizaceae
Genus: Pachyella
Species: Clypeata
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Pezizomycetes (formerly Discomycetes?)
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
More Copper Penny
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Updated October 4 2010
Recurved Cup - width to 12 cm
Order: Pezizales
Family: Pezizaceae
Genus: Peziza
Species: Repanda
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Pezizomycetes (formerly Discomycetes?)
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
More Recurved Cup
More Recurved Cup
Updated October 4 2010
Cup-shaped at first, becoming irregular with age - also
known as Spreading or Palamino Cup - possibly P.
cerea, P sylvestris or P. varia
Yellow Morel - height to 15 cm
Order: Pezizales
Family: Morchellaceae
Genus: Morchella
Species: Esculenta
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Pezizomycetes
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Also known as Common Morel - M. deliciosa (White
Morel), M. elata (Black Morel) and M. crassipes are
similar and may not be genetically distinct
Yellow Morel - height to 15 cm
Order: Pezizales
Family: Morchellaceae
Genus: Morchella
Species: Esculenta
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Pezizomycetes
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Also known as Common Morel - M. deliciosa (White
Morel), M. elata (Black Morel) and M. crassipes are
similar and may not be genetically distinct
Black Knot Fungus - fruit body to 15 cm
Order: Pleosporales
Family: Venturiaceae
Genus: Dibotryon
Species: Morbosum
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Dothideomycetes
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Affects Cherry, Plum, Apricot and other fruit trees - binomial
name also Apiosporina morbosa
Carbon Cushion
Genus: Kretzschmaria (also Ustulina)
Species: Deusta
Kingdom: Fungi
Also known as Brittle Cinder - blackens with age
Order: Xylariales (also Sphaeriales?)
Family: Xylariaceae
Class: Sordariomycetes
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
More Carbon Cushion
More Carbon Cushion
Updated March 25 2019
More Dead Man's Fingers
More Dead Man's Fingers
Updated August 8 2013
Red Cushion Hypoxylon - approx. 1 cm
Genus: Hypoxylon
Species: Fragiforme
Kingdom: Fungi
Also known as Beech Woodwart - found on dead or dying
Beech trees - similar to H. argillaceum (possibly the same
species?) and H. fuscum
Order: Xylariales (also Sphaeriales?)
Family: Xylariaceae
Class: Sordariomycetes
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
More Carbon Balls
More Carbon Balls
Updated October 1 2013
More Red Cushion Hypoxylon
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Updated October 1 2013
Tar Spot Fungus - width to several cm
Order: Rhytismatales
Family: Rhytismataceae
Genus: Rhytisma
Species: Acerinum
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Leotiomycetes
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Affects Norway Maple (both fungus and Maple from
Europe) - not harmful to the tree - R. americanum (see
below) and R. punctatum affect native maples
More Black Knot Fungus
More Black Knot Fungus
Updated November 3 2013
More Lemon Drops
More Lemon Drops
Updated November 2 2014
More Morel
More Morel
Updated August 23 2014
More Morel
More Morel
Updated August 23 2014
Coral Spot Fungus - 1 to 2 mm
Genus: Nectria
Species: Cinnabarina
Kingdom: Fungi
Also known as Nectria Canker - found on dead or dying
Deciduous trees (rarely Coniferous)
Order: Hypocreales
Family: Nectriaceae
Class: Sordariomycetes
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
More Coral Spot Fungus
More Coral Spot Fungus
Updated November 9 2014
Dead Man's Fingers - height 2 to 8 cm - width 1 to 3 cm - Lower Don Valley (Crother's Woods) - September 2010
Carbon Balls - to 4 cm - Lower Don Valley (Crother's Woods) - September 2010
Red Cushion Hypoxylon on American Beech - approx. 1 cm - Lower Don Valley (Crother's Woods) - September 2010
Coral Spot Fungus on fallen Black Walnut - 1 to 2 mm - Bluffers Park - November 2014
Carbon Cushion - largest feature top left approx. 12 cm - Lower Don Valley (Crother's Woods) - May 2011
Eyelash Fungus - to 1 cm - Lower Don Valley (Crother's Woods) - October 2010
Lemon Drops - approx. 3 mm - Lower Don Valley (Crother's Woods) - September 2010
Ascocoryine Fungus - approx. 5 cm - West Don Valley (Wilket Creek Park) - September 2010
Blue-stain Fungus - approx. 1 cm - West Don Valley (Wilket Creek Park) - September 2010
Copper Penny - width 2 to 4 cm - West Don Valley (Wilket Creek Park) - October 2010
Recurved Cup - width to 12 cm - West Don Valley (Wilket Creek Park) - October 2010
Yellow Morel - height to 15 cm - Lower Don Valley (Crother's Woods) - May 2011
Yellow Morel (one week after above) - height to 15 cm - Lower Don Valley (Crother's Woods) - May 2011
Tar Spot Fungus on Norway Maple - width to several cm - Toronto Islands - October 2011
Black Knot Fungus on Choke Cherry - fruit body to 15 cm - Bluffers Park - October 2010
Powdery Mildew Fungus - width to several cm
Order: Erysiphales
Family: Erysiphaceae
Genus: Sawadaea
Species: Tulasnei?
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Leotiomycetes
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Erysiphaceae family contiains a number of fungi called
Powdery Mildew that attack specific hosts - S. tulasnei
and S. bicornis affect
Norway Maple - not harmful to the
tree
More Powdery Mildew Fungus
More Powdery Mildew Fungus
Updated March 3 2016
Powdery Mildew Fungus on Norway Maple - width to several cm - Blythwood Ravine Park - October 2015
Earth Tongue - approx. 7 cm high
Family: Geoglossaceae (Earth Tongues)
Genus: Geoglossum?
Species: Difforme?
Kingdom: Fungi
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Class: Geoglossomycetes
Order: Geoglossales
Earth Tongue - height to 10 cm - width approx. 1 cm - Thickson Woods (Whitby) - September 2018
Many similar species that can only be distinguished by
microscope
Scutellinia setosa - approx. 5 mm
Order: Pezizales
Family: Pyronemataceae
Genus: Scutellinia
Species: Setosa (also Erinaceus)
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Pezizomycetes
Similar to S. setosissima and the larger S. scutellata (see
above)
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Scutellinia setosa - approx. 5 mm - Thickson Woods (Whitby) - October 2018
Tar Spot Fungus - width to 2 cm
Order: Rhytismatales
Family: Rhytismataceae
Genus: Rhytisma
Species: Americanum
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Leotiomycetes
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
Tar Spot Fungus on Silver Maple - 1 cm - Toronto Islands - September 2020
Affects Silver Maple  - not harmful to the tree
More Rhytisma americanum Fungus
More Rhytisma americanum Fungus
Updated October 25 2020
Birch Woodwart - 1 to 2 cm
Genus: Hypoxylon
Species: Multiforme
Kingdom: Fungi
Also known as Birch Hypoxylon - found on dead or dying
Birch trees
Order: Xylariales (also Sphaeriales?)
Family: Xylariaceae
Class: Sordariomycetes
Division:  Ascomycota (Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes)
More Birch Woodwart
More Birch Woodwart
Updated February 14 2021
Birch Woodwart on Birch - 1 to 2 cm - Thickson Woods (Whitby) - October 2020